Description: This article introduces the reader to probabilistic methods used to model interactions in the financial market place. Three topics are specifically discussed, two concern modeling methods and the other concerns data analysis methods.

Description: The United States has received severe negative press the last several years regarding its massive U.S. federal government debt, currently estimated as of April 2007 at about $8.9 trillion. This article looks at the U.S. debt relative to other countries and also explores the impact on U.S. investments.

Description: The world is facing a complex and rapidly evolving landscape of risks that threaten global stability and prosperity. From escalating geopolitical tensions and trade conflicts to the looming specter of economic downturns and disruptive technological change, a perfect storm of emerging risks is challenging governments, businesses, and individuals alike. As the interconnected nature of our globalized world amplifies the potential impact of these risks, it has become increasingly crucial for decision-makers to understand and proactively address the multifaceted challenges that lie ahead. This article will explore some of the key emerging risks and their implications, offering insights to help navigate these turbulent times.

Description: This is the second part of a 2 part series on Real options analysis (ROA). This article looks into the limitations of using financial option theory when doing real options analysis with projects that are long-dated and uncertain, such as: 1. First-degree homogeneity, 2. Uncertainty must derive from Brownian motion, and 3. Risk neutrality.