Description: In setting future mortality assumptions for pricing, the actuary needs to consider not only recent results and recent annualized mortality improvements, but also must look at the possible impact of possible shocks epidemics, wars, etc.

Description: Covers the experience from 1978 to 1983 policy anniversaries for individual life insurance.

Description: This paper develops the apportionate basis for the immediate payment of claims as an alternative to continuous functions. A new function, the apportionable annuity due, is defined and derived and formulas for net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis are developed. Then an investigation is made of the relationship of net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis to the corresponding functions on the continuous functions basis.

Description: This is the discussion of the paper by J. Alan Lauer that develops the apportionate basis for the immediate payment of claims as an alternative to continuous functions. A new function, the apportionable annuity due, is defined and derived and formulas for net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis are developed. Then an investigation is made of the relationship of net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis to the corresponding functions on the continuous functions basis.

Description: This paper looks at the following cases: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company v. Fugate, Rodriguez v. Pan American Life Insurance Company, Cain v. John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, Steven v. Fidelity and Casualty Company, and Old Republic Life Insurance Company v. Thacher.

Description: Discusses mortality improvements over the last 20 years, the extent to which premiums on nonparticipating policies reflect the changes in mortality experience, the proposed new valuation table, should valuation tables be split by gender, and extra mortality on substandard lives at very long durations.

Description: Cover letter that explains the study, the expected results and the other 5 accompanying documents. The purpose of the study is to collect preferred class structure mortality to support new reserving methods based on multiple preferred and standard class mortality experience.

Description: Answers common questions surrounding the individual life study and how to participate

Description: The South African life insurance industry contains the largest life insurance market in Africa, it is highly sophisticated and highly regulated. In the years 2020 and2021, the industry suffered significant mortality losses due toCovid-19. What can we learn from this experience in South Africa?

Description: Family structures have expanded in recent decades and so have some beneficiary forms in insurance, banking and investment accounts. This essay includes suggestions for further expansion of those little-discussed but very important forms.