Description: In the determination of pension costs the actuary normally has available for use several turnover scales which indicate rates of turnover by attained age. This paper attempts to outline broadly one method for classifying selected industries into three groups approximating low, medium, and high turnover levels, so that a more appropriate initial selection of turnover scales may be facilitated. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1968, Vol. 20, Pt. 1, No. 58.

Description: This is the discussion of the paper by J. Alan Lauer that develops the apportionate basis for the immediate payment of claims as an alternative to continuous functions. A new function, the apportionable annuity due, is defined and derived and formulas for net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis are developed. Then an investigation is made of the relationship of net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis to the corresponding functions on the continuous functions basis.